RESOURCES
Equal Justice Initiative https://eji.org
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The Lynch Quilts Project
https://www.thelynchquiltsproject.com
The Lynch Quilts Project is a community-based initiative developed and led by artist LaShawnda Crowe Storm, which examines the history and ramifications of racial violence in the United States of America through the textile tradition of quilting. Rooted in community co-creation and storytelling, join us in weaving a path towards a more healed and just future for all.
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America’s Black Holocaust Museum (ABHM): Bringing History to Light
In addition to information and exhibits, the website lists state memorials to lynching victims. However, the lists are often incomplete and require cross-referencing.
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Maryland Memorial Lynching Project
With great admiration and appreciation for the scholars who have contributed
to our knowledge about lynching.
REFERENCES
Allen, James (Ed.) Without Sanctuary: Lynching Photography in America. Twin Palms Publishers, 2000.
Anderson, Devery S. Emmett Till: The Murder that Shook the World and Propelled the Civil Rights Movement. University Press of Mississippi, 2015.
Apel, Dora. Imagery of Lynching: Black Men, White Women, and the Mob. Rutgers University Press, 2004.
Baker, David Victor. “Female Lynchings in America: Amending the Historical Record.” Race and Justice, vol. 2, no. 4, 2012, pp. 356-391.
Bailey, Amy Kate, Tolnay, Steward E., Beck, E. M., Roberts, Alison Renee, & Wong, Nicholas H. Wong. “Personalizing Lynch Victims: A New Database to Support the Study of Mob Violence.” Historical Methods, vol. 41, no. 1, 2008, pp. 47-62.
Branan, Karen. The Family Tree: A Lynching in Georgia, a Legacy of Secrets and My Search for the Truth. Atria, 2016.
Brundage, W. Fitzhugh. Lynching in the New South: Georgia and Virginia, 1880-1930. University of Illinois Press, 1993.
Caldwell, Clifford R. & DeLord, Ron. Eternity at the End of a Rope: Executions, Lynchings, and Vigilante Justice in Texas, 1819-1923. Sunstone Press, 2015.
Cameron, James. A Time of Terror: A Survivor’s Story. Black Classic Press, 1982.
Campney, Brent M. S. “’The Veneer of Civilization Washed Off’: Anti-Black Posse Lynchings in the Twentieth Century Rural Midwest.” Indiana Magazine of History, vol. 119, 2023, pp. 1-28.
Carrigan, William D. The Making of a Lynching Culture: Violence and Vigilantism in Central Texas, 1836-1916. University of Illinois Press, 2004.
Chavis, Jr., Charles L. The Silent Short: The Lynching of Matthew Williams and the Politics of Racism in the Free State. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2021.
Clegg III, Claude. A. Troubled Ground: A Tale of Murder, Lynching, and Reckoning in the New South. University of Illinois Press, 2010.
Cone, James. The Cross and the Lynching Tree. Orbis Books, 2013.
Cox, V. L. A Murder of Crows: The End Hate Collection. New Deal Studios. Additional Cox images at www.greatfineart.com., 2016.
Dray, Philip. At the Hands of the Persons Unknown: The Lynching of Black America. The Modern Library, 2003.
Equal Justice Initiative. The Legacy Museum: From Enslavement to Mass Incarceration.
Equal Justice Initiative. Lynching in America: Confronting the Legacy of Racial Terror (2nd ed.). EJI, 2015
Equal Justice Initiative Lynching in America: Confronting the Legacy of Racial Terror –Lynchings by County, 1977-1940.
Feimster, Crystal N. Southern Horrors: Women and the Politics of Rage and Lynching. Harvard University Press, 2009.
Finnegan, Terrence. (2013). A Deed So Accursed: Lynching in Mississippi and South Carolina, 1881-1940. University of Virginia Press, 2013.
Frazier, Harriet C. Lynchings in Kansas, 1850s-1932. McFarland & Co., 2015
Frazier, Harriet C. Lynchings in Missouri,1803-1981. McFarland & Co., 2009.
Gelpi, Jr., Paul D. “Strange Fruit: Race and Murder in Small Town Louisiana.” The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association, vol. 52, no. 1, 2011, pp. 80-95.
Gonzales-Day, Ken. Lynching in the West, 1850-1935. Duke University Press, 2006.
Hall, Ronald E. “They Lynched Mexican-Americans Too: A Question of Anglo Colorism.” Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, vol. 41, no. 1, 2020, pp. 62-76.
Harper, Kimberly. White Man’s Heaven: The Lynching and Expulsion of Black in Southern Ozarks, 1894-1909. The University of Arkansas Press. 2010.
Hollars, B. J. Thirteen Loops: Race Violence and the Last Lynching in America. University of Alabama Press, 2011.
Ginzburg, Ralph. 100 Years of Lynching. Black Classic Press, 1988.
Guzman, Jessie (Ed.). Box 132.020 (lynching records of Tuskegee Institute as a database typewritten on paper). Archives, Tuskegee University, date unknown c.1960.
Guzman, Jessie (Editor). "Lynchings by County" Box 132.061. Archives, Tuskegee University, date unknown c.1960.
Katz, William L. (Ed.). Thirty Years of Lynching in the United States, 1889-1918. National Association of the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 1969.
Lancaster, Guy (Ed.). Bullets and Fire: Lynching and Authority in Arkansas, 1940-1950. The University of Arkansas Press, 2018.
Leamer, Laurence. (2016). The Lynching: The Epic Courtroom Battle That Brought Down the Klan. William Morrow.
Leonard, Stephen J. Lynching in Colorado, 1859-1919. University Press of Colorado, 2002.
Madison, James. H. A Lynching in the Heartland: Race and Memory in America. Palgrave MacMillan, 2003.
Moore, John Hammond. Carnival of Blood: Dueling, Lynching, and Murder in South Carolina, 1880-1920. University of South Carolina Press., 2006.
National Park Service. The Promised Land on the Solomon: Black Settlement in Nicodemus, Kansas. U. S. Department of Interior, 1984.
Newkirk, Vann R. Lynching in North Carolina, A History, 1865-1941. MacFarland & Co., 2009.
Perkins, Kathy A. & Stephens, Judith L. (Eds.). Strange Fruit: Plays on Lynching by American Women. University of Indiana Press, 1998.
Pfaelzer, Jean. Driven Out: The Forgotten War Against Chinese Americans. Random House, 2007.
Pfeifer, Michael J. “Lynching and Criminal Justice in South Louisiana, 1878-1930.” The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association, vol. 40, no. 2, 1999, pp. 155-177.
Pfeifer, Michael J. Rough Justice: Lynching and American Society, 1874-1947. University of Illinois Press, 2004.
Pfeifer, Michael J. “The Origins of Postbellum Lynching: Collective Violence in Reconstruction Louisiana.” The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association, vol. 50, no. 2, 2009, pp. 189-201.
Pfeifer, Michael J. (Ed.). Lynching Beyond Dixie, American Mob Violence Outside the South. University of Illinois Press, 2013.
Pfeifer, Michael J. “At the Hands of Parties Unknown? The State of the Field of Lynching.” The Journal of American History, vol. 101, no. 3, 2014, pp. 832-846.
Rankine, Claudia, Loffreda, Beth, Gap, & Max King (Eds.). The Racial Imaginary: Writers on Race in the Life of the Mind. Fence Books.
Rigby, David, & Seguin, Charles. “The Racial Position of European Immigrants, 1883-1941: Evidence of Lynchings." The Southern Sociological Society, vol. 5, no. 55, 2018, pp. 438-457.
Riley, Gretchen, & Smith, Peter D. The Famous Trees of Texas: Texas A & M Service Centennial. Texas A & M University Press, 2015.
Robinette, Mike. The MOB Lynching of Frank Fisher. Self-published, 2022.
Rushdy, Ashraf H. A. American Lynching. Yale University Press, 2012
Scott, Terry Anne. Lynching and Leisure: Race and the Transformation of Mob Violence in Texas. University of Arkansas Press, 2022.
Seguin, Charles, & Rigby, David. “National Crimes: A New National Data Set of Lynchings in the United States, 1883-1941.” Sociological Research for a Dynamic World, vol. 5, 2019, pp. 1-9.
Stevenson, Bryan. Just Mercy: A Story of Justice and Redemption, One World, 2015.
Swanson, Douglas J. Cult of Glory: The Bold and Brutal History of the Texas Rangers. Viking, 2020.
Tolney, Stewart E., & Beck, E. M. A Festival of Violence: An Analysis of Southern Lynchings, 1882-1930. University of Illinois Press, 1992.
Tredway, Lynda. The Lynching Trees and Redemption, Voice Male, https://voicemalemagazine.org/the-lynching-trees-and-redemption/
Vandiver, Margaret. (2006). Lethal Punishment: Lynchings and Legal Executions in the South. Rutgers University Press.
Villanueva, Jr., Nicholas. The Lynching of Mexicans in the Texas Borderlands. University of New Mexico Press, 2017.
Wells, Ida B. Crusade for Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. Wells. (2nd ed.), the University of Chicago Press, 2020.
Wells-Barnett, Ida B. The Red Record: Tabulated Statistics and Alleged Causes of Lynching in the United States, Cavalier Classics, 2015.
Wideman, John Edgar (2010). The Lynchers: A Novel. Lulu Press.
Williams, Rachel Marie-Crane. (2021). Elegy for Mary Turner: An Illustrated Account of a Lynching. Verso.